All Central nervous system (CNS ) drugs ..pharmacyteach.

All Central nervous system (CNS ) drugs ..pharmacyteach.com

              

            Antianxiety Drugs

(Anxiolytic-sedative, Minor tranquillizer)

• Benzodiazepines
• Diazepam,
• Chlordiazepoxide,
• Oxazepam,
• Lorazepam,
• Alprazolam
• Azapirones
• Buspirone, 
• Gepirone,
• Ispapirone

Sedative antihistaminic

• Hydroxyzine
•  β blocker
• Propranolol

               Antidepressants

Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs)

• Moclobemide,
• Clorgyline

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

NA + 5-HT reuptake inhibitors

• Imipramine,
• Amitriptyline,
• Trimipramine,
• Doxepin,
• Dothiepin,
• Clomipramine

Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors

• Desipramine,
• Nortriptyline,
• Amoxapine,
• Reboxetine

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

• Fluoxetine,
• Fluvoxamine,
• Paroxetine,
• Sertraline,
• Citalopram,
• Escitalopram

Atypical antidepressants

• Trazodone,
• Mianserin,
• Mirtazapine,
• Venlafaxine,
• Duloxetine,
• Tianeptine,
• Amineptine,
• Bupropion

              Antiepileptic Drugs

  1 .Barbiturate:

• Phenobarbitone

  2 .Deoxybarbiturate:

• Primidone

  3 . Hydantoin:

• Phenytoin,
• Fosphenytoin

   4 .Iminostilbene:

• Carbamazepine,
• Oxcarbazepine

    5 .Succinimide:

• Ethosuximide

     6 . Aliphatic carboxylic acid:

• Valproic acid (sodium valproate),
• Divalproex

    7 . Benzodiazepines:

• Clonazepam,
• Diazepam,
• Lorazepam,
• Clobazam

   8 .Phenyltriazine:

• Lamotrigine

   9 .Cyclic GABA analogue:

• Gabapentin,
• Pregabalin

  10 .Newer drugs:

• Vigabatrin,
• Topiramate,
• Tiagabine,
• Zonisamide,
• Levetiracetam

 Drugs Affecting Brain Dopaminergic System

Dopamine precursor:

•  Levodopa   (l–dopa)

Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors:

•  Carbidopa,
• Benserazide

Dopaminergic agonists:

• Bromocriptine,
• Ropinirole,
• Pramipexole

 MAO-B inhibitor:

• Selegiline

COMT inhibitors:

• Entacapone,
• Tolcapone

• Dopamine facilitator:
• Amantadine
• Drugs Affecting Brain Cholinergic System

Central anticholinergics:

• Trihexyphenidyl (Benzhexol),
• Procyclidine,
•  Biperiden

Antihistaminics:

•  Orphenadrine,
•  Promethazine.

              Central Nervous System Stimulants

Convulsants:

• Strychnine,
• Picrotoxin,
• Bicuculline,
• Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).

Analeptics:

• Doxapram.

Psychostimulants:

• Amphetamines,
• Methylphenidate,
• Modafinil,
• Pemoline,
• Cocaine,
• Caffeine.

                  Cognition Enhancers

                          (Cerebroactive Drugs)

Cholinergic activators:

• Tacrine,
• Rivastigmine,
• Donepezil,
• Galantamine

Glutamate (NMDA) antagonist:

• Memantine

Miscellaneous cerebroactive drugs:

• Piracetam,
• Pyritinol (Pyrithioxine),
• Dihydroergotoxine  (Codergocrine),
• Piribedil,
• Ginkgo biloba,
• Citicoline.

            General Anaesthetics

          Inhalational

Gas

• Nitrous oxide

Volatile liquids

• Ether
• Halothane
• Enflurane
• Isoflurane
• Desflurane
• Sevoflurane

• 
  

Intravenous

1. Inducing agents

• Thiopentone sod;
• Methohexitone sod.
•  Propofol
•  Etomidate    

  2 . Slower acting drugs

  i . Benzodiazepines

• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Midazolam 

 ii  . Dissociative anaesthesia

• Ketamine
• Opioid analgesia
• Fentanyl

 Drugs for Mania and Manic-Depressive(Bipolar) Disorder

Lithium carbonate

Anticonvulsants:

• Carbamazepine,
• Sodium valproate,
• Lamotrigine,
•  Topiramate

Atypical antipsychotics:

•  Olanzapine,
•  Risperidone,
• Aripiprazole,
•  Quetiapine

                  Opioid Analgesics

Natural opium alkaloids: 

• Morphine,
• Codeine

Semisynthetic opiates:

• Diacetylmorphine (Heroin),
• Pholcodeine,
• Oxymorphone,
• Hydromorphone,
• Oxycodone

Synthetic opioids:

• Pethidine (Meperidine),
• Fentanyl,
• Alfentanil,
• Sufentanil,
• Methadone,
• Dextropropoxyphene,
• Tramadol.

Complex Action Opioids and  Opioid Antagonists

Agonist-antagonists (κ-analgesics)

• Nalorphine,
• Pentazocine,
• Nalbuphine,
• Butorphanol

Partial/weak μ agonist + κ antagonist

• Buprenorphine

Pure antagonists

• Naloxone,
• Naltrexone,
• Nalmefene

         Preanaesthetic Medication

Opioids:

• Morphine,
• Pethidine,
• Fentanyl

Sedative-antianxiety drugs:

• Diazepam,
• Lorazepam,
• Midazolam,
• Promethazine

Anticholinergics:

• Atropine,
• Hyoscine,
• Glycopyrrolate

Neuroleptics:

• Chlorpromazine,
• Triflupromazine,
• Haloperidol

• Histamine H2 blockers:
• Ranitidine,
• Famotidine, etc.

Proton pump inhibitors:

• Omeprazole,
• Pantoprazole, etc.

Antiemetics:

• Metoclopramide,
• Domperidone,
• Ondansetron.

                      Sedative-Hypnotics

                Barbiturates

Long acting

• Phenobarbitone

Short acting

• Butobarbitone
• Pentobarbitone

Ultra short acting

• Thiopentone
• Methohexitone

                 Benzodiazepines

Hypnotic

• Diazepam
• Flurazepam
• Nitrazepam
• Alprazolam
• Temazepam
• Triazolam

• Antianxiety
• Diazepam
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Oxazepam
• Lorazepam
• Alprazolam

• Anticonvulsant
• Diazepam
• Lorazepam
• Clonazepam
• Clobazam

        Newer nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

• Zopiclone,
• Zolpidem,
• Zaleplon

                 Other CNS depressants

• Chloral hydrate,
• Triclophos,
• Paraldehyde,
• Glutethimide,
• Methyprilone,
• Methaqualone,
• Meprobamate,
• Promethazine,
• Chlorpromazine,
•  Amitriptyline,
• Morphine,
• Hyoscine